管道工具

Plumbing makes possible the cleanliness we know today. Yet solving some kinds of plumbing problems involves sink traps, soil pipes, and clean-outs most foul. Running new plumbing lines means shiny new copper, malleable and almost orange to the eye. But that backed-up toilet calls for the aptly named snake.

管道工具是一种多样化的批量，因为交易需要切割，配合和紧固，甚至有点carpentrywhen installing new lines and closing up around them. A basic knowledge of the tools we’ll talk about here will allow you to perform basic repairs, as well as install new fixtures. Other tools like the drill, hole saw, reciprocating saw, chisels, hammers, and numerous others, are often needed by the plumber, too. The homeowner-plumber must be able to move swiftly from one trade to another, depending upon the needs of the particular task immediately at hand.

并不是所有的管道都是铜。铁管道基于“增大化现实”技术e found in older structures, and their thread fittings require different techniques from the soldered sweat fittings that join copper elements. In many places today building codes allow for the use of plastic pipe for waste lines or even for supply lines. We’ll talk about copper, iron, and plastic, too.

管材切割机。These clever tools make neat, square cuts of plastic, copper, brass, or thin wall steel or iron tubing. They resemble adjustable wrenches in that they have one fixed jaw and another that moves. The resemblance ends there, however, since these tools have cutting wheels and rollers instead of flat or serrated jaws.

The outside, fixed jaw has the cutting wheel, which is replaceable on most models. The lower jaw, which is advanced with a threaded screw and handle mechanism, slides along the back of the cutter. On most models, the sliding jaw has two rollers that hold the pipe squarely to the cutting wheel.

To use a tubing cutter, the jaw is opened to allow the end of the pipe to be inserted. The cutting wheel is positioned at the point along the pipe’s length where the cut is to be made, and the adjusting screw tightened until the wheel and rollers grip the pipe. Don’t overtighten the jaws, since they can crimp the pipe.

The cutter is then rotated around the pipe. Check that the score line the cutter has made forms a complete circle, and doesn’t tend to spiral offline, as it will if the pipe cutter isn’t set squarely onto the pipe. To cut through the pipe, tighten the adjusting screw a fraction of a turn after each revolution; then rotate the pipe, tighten the screw further, and repeat the process until the cut is complete.

新鲜切割的铜和其他软管的内部应该是毛刺和刨花的清洁。大多数管道切割器具有安装在工具背面的铰孔装置，以此目的。

管道切割机以与管道切割器的方式相同的方式运行，而是由钢制成，并设计用于切割管道，具有较厚的墙壁。代替具有一个切割轮和两个滚轮，如管道切割器，管切割机具有三个切割轮。对于那些运行偶尔铜或塑料供应管的美国，简单且廉价的管材切割机非常足够，可以将铜，铝或黄铜管切割成一英寸或一英寸。

Propane Torch.有时称为喷孔，这个工具很小，灯光和便携式。旧式模型依靠煤油，但是更安全，更容易使用丙烷燃料模型现在是规则。

丙烷火炬可以帮助执行各种任务，但其主要用途是通过焊接或钎焊加入金属。它也用于剥离涂料（热量软化涂料;如果您对涂料是基于铅的），请佩戴呼吸器，并且在更换窗玻璃时从窗口窗口中移除旧腻子。可以安装在喷嘴上的附件，以使火焰紧紧地用于精密焊接或将其涂抹用于涂料剥离或去除弹性瓷砖。标准喷嘴产生适合于拟合国内水管的火焰。

Canisters of fuel can be purchased separately; in them the pressured, liquid propane is stored. When it is released via the valve and nozzle, the gas vaporizes and can be lit to form an even flame. The intensity of the flame is controlled by the valve, which allows more or less gas to escape.

Small canisters of propane have the brass burner and valve assembly screwed directly onto the mouth of the container. The tank then doubles as a handle during the heating process. Other models are available that have larger tanks that are connected to the nozzle via a hose. These are considerably more expensive, but the nozzle is lighter and easier to use in the cramped quarters that so often are the rule in plumbing.

When used and stored properly, propane torches pose few risks. But they must be used with care.

使用后总是立即关闭火炬。永远不要允许其火焰指向任何易燃材料的方向。小心地将火炬储存，远离任何热源。正确丢弃空的容器（许多供应商将接受它们作为返回）。

管扳手。管扳手（可识别为猴子扳手）是一般用于握住管道或杆的可调节扳手。头部钳口位于手柄的末端，而钩爪悬挂在沿着手柄背面滑动的枢轴。

What distinguishes the pipe wrench from other adjustables (and specifically from those more properly known as monkey wrenches) is the pivot. Unlike adjustable wrenches, the pipe wrench’s serrated jaws are not fixed parallel to one another, but when pressure is put on the handle, the pivot causes the jaws to close slightly. This clenching action allows the tool to grip round workpieces. Pipe wrenches are made of steel with hardened jaws.

Pipe wrenches are intended to be used to turn a pipe or other round workpiece in one direction; in order to change direction, the wrench must be removed and the position of its jaws reversed.

Basin Wrench.This is one of those specialty tools that has few uses – except at the moment you need the basin wrench and only the basin wrench will do.

The basin wrench has the head of a pipe wrench and the neck of a giraffe. It’s designed to reach up behind the bowl of a sink and connect or disconnect the nuts that fasten the faucet or other fittings that provide water to a sink.

管扳手钳口以直角安装到手柄的长度;在另一端，有一个用于扭转工具的T杆。潜望镜的机械相当，在某种程义上，盆扳手允许您在手中的无法达到的地方工作。这是一个相对便宜的工具，在改造厨房的水龙头或其他水槽配件时会快速证明其价值。

The Plunger.Even if you never plan to do any sweat fittings or plumb any plastic pipe, the plunger is a tool that may have a role to play in your household. It doesn’t have anything to do with running new pipes; its job is to help clear blockages (i.e.漱口厕所）在旧的。

The plunger consists of a molded rubber cup mounted on the end of a wooden handle. Sink plungers have a simple, hemispherical cup; those designed to unclog toilets have a conical extension at the mouth of the cup that inserts into the throat of the toilet. This helps assure a tight fit and adds force.

使用柱塞，将其杯子放在水槽，浴缸或马桶排水管上。将水槽或其他容器填充到覆盖杯子的深度。如果水槽或桶中有溢流漏极，则阻挡其开口，带有抹布或管带。杯子必须与整个周边周围的水槽接触。围绕杯子边缘的石油果冻涂层可帮助确保气密密封。

Pump the handle downward, collapsing the cup. This forces air into the pipes, increasing the pressure on the blockage, which may break up the material that is clogging the pipe. Work the tool up and down five to ten times. Repeat again if necessary.

如果材料仍然没有松动，您可能需要诉诸排水管。

排水螺旋钻。The drain auger is used when a plunger is unable to open a blocked drain line. It consists of a twisted wire hook and auger fastened to the end of a steel spring coil. More expensive models come with a crank and with a storage canister into which the length of the coil can be withdrawn, while simpler varieties are wound by hand into a coil. Coils of various diameters are sold, but three-eighths and half- inch coils are usual.

要使用排水管，端部插入管道。如果您的堵塞在水槽中，请先将陷阱拆下在水槽下方。这样，您可以确保CLOG并不简单地在那一点上，并且可以用手轻松删除。通过卸下陷阱，您还可以打开更直接的漏极线。（一个建议：当您拆下陷阱时，将桶或其下方的其他水密容器定位以捕获所包含的水。）

推动螺旋钻，直到它达到阻塞。这个工具的绰号之一，蛇描述了它在管道弯曲之后扭曲和编织的方式。

在一个或几个点,它可以拒绝旅行any further into the pipe. That doesn’t necessarily mean you’ve reached the blockage, but the end of the snake may have reached angled fittings and may need a little persuading to continue its journey. Try twisting the snake in a cranking motion, using the built-in cranking handle that can be tightened (using a set screw) to the length of the coil. If your snake doesn’t have a crank, position one hand on the snake where it enters the trap. With the other, grip the snake about eighteen inches further along its length. Then crank it, rotating your hands as if you were pedaling a bicycle.

曲柄运动应沿顺时针方向（当进入管道的末端时）。如果您已达到堵塞，转动蛇会振荡堵塞，并将扭转的钢螺旋钻在其末端将进入材料中，无论是导致它分解还是让您将其拉回。如果毛毡的阻力不是堵塞，而且具有配合，起动运动，以及一些推动压力，将允许蛇在排水管线上前进。